How can exercise reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease?

How can exercise reduce your risk of developing cardiovascular disease? So, if you ask almost any cardiologist, exercise is the golden ticket to longevity, essentially. Because when you think about the crux of the problem, it is the endothelial lining. If you have a really strong, healthy endothelial lining, it's much less likely that cholesterol plaque is going to stick onto your endothelial lining. And the thing that improves that and regenerates the endothelial lining is exercise. The more exercise you do, the more likely you are to regenerate your endothelial lining, making it much less likely for cholesterol to stick onto the vessels. So, of course, it helps regenerate the endothelial lining, as I said. And you can imagine that if you have plaque that is stuck onto it, if you're getting your heart rate up really high, you know, a couple of times a week with moderate exercise, that actually the abnormal plaque that's sitting on your vessels is smoothed over because you're having lots, you know, higher rate blood flow through those vessels and, you know, it helps reduce your risks of heart attacks and things like that. You can imagine as well, you know, if one of the symptoms is angina and your angina is there when you're exerting yourself, that actually if you have a very sedentary life, the chances of you exerting yourself to the extent that you get angina is low. So your first symptom may be a heart attack, whereas if you are exerting yourself more on a regular basis, actually you may have a chance to have those warning signs that actually, yes, when I do do exercise, I am noticing a chest tightness. And again, that's a great trigger to say, right, I need to look further into this and get this looked at in more detail. So, you know, helps the endothelial lining, reduces your risk of coronary disease, of course, definitely helps in high blood pressure as well. Clear links between patients with obesity and who are overweight and high blood pressure. I had one young guy who's about 35, who was very overweight, came to see me, had a new diagnosis of hypertension. And I said to him, listen, if you lose a significant amount of weight, you could really come off tablets. Because of course, hypertension can be lifelong. you know, a 35-year-old going on tablets for the rest of their life is really an undertaking. So I said to him, you know, if you can lose significant amounts of weight, you may be able to change it. He went off, joined boot camp, lost loads of weight, sure enough he came back, his blood pressure had completely normalized. So, of course, the effects on the endothelial line, but of course, you know, thinking about general weight reduction definitely helps in terms of reducing blood pressure, therefore indirectly reducing risks of of all stack and things like that.