How does smoking affect claudication?

Can you please tell us the relationship between claudication and smoking? Certainly in this day and age smoking I think is the main driver for claudication and well over 90% of patients I've seen in claudication are either current or previous smokers. Also really important is that if you stop smoking all together and do supervised exercise the majority of patients I've seen have got better in terms of their ability to walk and And most tell me that they no longer need me as a surgeon to do something to their arteries because their bodies have found what we call collateral pathways and they're no longer claudicating or they're claudicating at a distance that they can well live with. Certainly that's not the case for all types of claudication in terms of where the disease is mainly based. But I think stopping smoking has a massively positive benefit on people with claudication type pain.