Coronary/Ischaemic heart disease
Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is a major cause of death both in the UK and worldwide. CHD is sometimes called ischaemic heart disease.
Symptoms of IHD
The main symptoms of IHD are:
- angina (chest pain)
- heart attacks
- heart failure
However, not everyone has the same symptoms and some people may not have any before IHD is diagnosed.
Read about symptoms of coronary heart disease.
Causes of ischaemic/coronary heart disease
Coronary heart disease is the term that describes what happens when your heart's blood supply is blocked or interrupted by a build-up of fatty substances in the coronary arteries.
Over time, the walls of your arteries can become furred up with fatty deposits. This process is known as atherosclerosis and the fatty deposits are called atheroma.
Atherosclerosis can be caused by lifestyle factors and other conditions, such as:
- smoking
- high cholesterol
- high blood pressure (hypertension)
- diabetes
Read about the causes of coronary heart disease.
Diagnosing coronary heart disease
If your doctor feels you're at risk of CHD, they may carry out a risk assessment. This involves asking about your medical and family history, your lifestyle and taking a blood test.
Further tests may be needed to confirm a diagnosis of CHD, including:
Read about diagnosing coronary heart disease.
Treating coronary heart disease
Coronary heart disease can't be cured but treatment can help manage the symptoms and reduce the chances of problems such as heart attacks.
Treatment can include:
- lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise and stopping smoking
- medication
- angioplasty - using balloons and stents to treat narrow heart arteries
- surgery
Read about treating coronary heart disease.
Recovering from the effects of CHD
If you have a heart attack or have had angioplasty or heart surgery, it's possible to eventually resume a normal life.
Advice and support is available to help you deal with aspects of your life that may have been affected by CHD.
Read about recovering from the effects of coronary heart disease.
Preventing CHD
You can reduce your risk of getting CHD by making some simple lifestyle changes. These include:
- eating a healthy, balanced diet
- being physically active
- giving up smoking
- controlling blood cholesterol and sugar levels
Keeping your heart healthy will also have other health benefits, such as helping reduce your risk of stroke and dementia.
Read about preventing coronary heart disease.
The heart
The heart is a muscle about the size of your fist. It pumps blood around your body and beats approximately 70 times a minute. It is located in your chest behind and slightly to the left of the breastbone (sternum). Heart is surrounded by double layered membrane called pericardium. Lungs are located on either side of the heart. Your heart has 4 chambers. The upper chambers are called the left and right atria, and the lower chambers are called the left and right ventricles. A wall of muscle called the septum separates the left and right atria and the left and right ventricles. The left ventricle is the largest and strongest chamber in your heart. The left ventricle’s chamber walls are only about a half-inch thick, but they have enough force to push blood through the aortic valve and into your body.
After the blood leaves the right side of the heart, it goes to your lungs where it picks up oxygen.
The oxygen-rich blood returns to your heart and is then pumped to the body's organs through a network of arteries.
The blood returns to your heart through veins before being pumped back to your lungs again. This process is called circulation.
The heart gets its own supply of blood from a network of blood vessels on the heart's surface called coronary arteries.
